Introduction

Introduction to Rusteau-1D

Rusteau-1D is a program for simulating the one-dimensional movement of water, heat and multiple solutes in variably saturated porous media, such as the unsaturated (vadose) zone of a soil profile, laboratory columns or lysimeters. It solves the same equations with the same numerical methods as HYDRUS-1D Šimůnek et al. (2009); Šimůnek et al. (2008); Šimůnek et al. (2016): the numerical engine is a port of the HYDRUS-1D Fortran source (version 4.08) to Rust, and where HYDRUS-1D 4.17 behaves differently from that source, Rusteau follows 4.17 Šimůnek et al. (2013).

What the program computes

Variably saturated water flow with the Richards equation, including a sink term for root water uptake (theory). The soil hydraulic properties can be described by the models of van Genuchten–Mualem van Genuchten (1980); Mualem (1976), modified van Genuchten Vogel and Císlerová (1988), Brooks and Corey (1964), Kosugi (1996) and Durner (1994), or by look-up tables (hydraulic models).
Hysteresis in the retention curve and the hydraulic conductivity Kool and Parker (1987), or without pumping Lenhard et al. (1991) (hysteresis).
Non-equilibrium (preferential) flow with dual-porosity and dual-permeability models Šimůnek et al. (2003); Gerke and van Genuchten (1993a) (dual porosity, dual permeability).
Root water and solute uptake with water and osmotic stress, compensation and active uptake Feddes et al. (1978); van Genuchten (1987); Šimůnek and Hopmans (2009) (root uptake).
Atmospheric boundary conditions from precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, or from meteorological data with the Penman–Monteith or Hargreaves equations Allen et al. (1998); Hargreaves and Samani (1985), snow, interception and the surface energy balance Saito et al. (2006) (atmosphere, energy balance).
Heat transport by conduction and convection, coupled with water vapor flow Saito et al. (2006) (heat, vapor).
Solute transport of several solutes with linear or non-linear sorption, decay chains, gas-phase diffusion, physical and chemical non-equilibrium, and colloid / virus transport Šimůnek and van Genuchten (2008); Schijven and Šimůnek (2002) (solute transport).
Parameter estimation (inverse problem) by the Marquardt–Levenberg method from measured data Marquardt (1963); Šimůnek and Hopmans (2002) (theory).
Pedotransfer functions: soil hydraulic parameters from the texture with Rosetta Schaap et al. (2001); Zhang and Schaap (2017) (Rosetta).

Verification

All 23 examples of the HYDRUS-1D distribution and its 12 parameter-estimation examples, recalculated with HYDRUS 4.17, are part of the test suite of the program. Most examples agree with HYDRUS within the print precision of the output files; the remaining differences are understood and documented (relation to HYDRUS-1D). End-of-run water and solute totals agree within 0.07 %.

The interface

The interface leads through a project in the order of the input: processes and units, soil, boundary conditions, uptake and transport, run (workflow). Projects are stored as Rusteau projects (.h1dr) and can be read from and written to HYDRUS-1D 4.x project folders, so a project made in Rusteau opens in HYDRUS-1D (projects). Every input has a tooltip with its meaning, unit and typical values; F1 opens the help of the current page.

Not included

HP1 (the coupling of HYDRUS with the geochemical code PHREEQC) and the UNSATCHEM major-ion chemistry module are separate codes beside the HYDRUS-1D core and are not part of Rusteau-1D. The carbon dioxide transport of UNSATCHEM is not included either.

Literature cited in this topic

Allen, R. G., L. S. Pereira, D. Raes, and M. Smith (1998). Crop Evapotranspiration – Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 300 pp. https://www.fao.org/4/x0490e/x0490e00.htm
Brooks, R. H., and A. T. Corey (1964). Hydraulic Properties of Porous Media. Hydrology Paper No. 3, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 27 pp.
Durner, W. (1994). Hydraulic conductivity estimation for soils with heterogeneous pore structure. Water Resources Research 30(2): 211–223. doi:10.1029/93WR02676
Feddes, R. A., P. J. Kowalik, and H. Zaradny (1978). Simulation of Field Water Use and Crop Yield. Simulation Monographs, Pudoc, Wageningen, 189 pp.
Gerke, H. H., and M. Th. van Genuchten (1993a). A dual-porosity model for simulating the preferential movement of water and solutes in structured porous media. Water Resources Research 29(2): 305–319. doi:10.1029/92WR02339
Hargreaves, G. H., and Z. A. Samani (1985). Reference crop evapotranspiration from temperature. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 1(2): 96–99. doi:10.13031/2013.26773
Kool, J. B., and J. C. Parker (1987). Development and evaluation of closed-form expressions for hysteretic soil hydraulic properties. Water Resources Research 23(1): 105–114. doi:10.1029/WR023i001p00105
Kosugi, K. (1996). Lognormal distribution model for unsaturated soil hydraulic properties. Water Resources Research 32(9): 2697–2703. doi:10.1029/96WR01776
Lenhard, R. J., J. C. Parker, and J. J. Kaluarachchi (1991). Comparing simulated and experimental hysteretic two-phase transient fluid flow phenomena. Water Resources Research 27(8): 2113–2124. doi:10.1029/91WR01272
Marquardt, D. W. (1963). An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters. Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics 11(2): 431–441. doi:10.1137/0111030
Mualem, Y. (1976). A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media. Water Resources Research 12(3): 513–522. doi:10.1029/WR012i003p00513
Saito, H., J. Šimůnek, and B. P. Mohanty (2006). Numerical analysis of coupled water, vapor, and heat transport in the vadose zone. Vadose Zone Journal 5(2): 784–800. doi:10.2136/vzj2006.0007
Schaap, M. G., F. J. Leij, and M. Th. van Genuchten (2001). Rosetta: a computer program for estimating soil hydraulic parameters with hierarchical pedotransfer functions. Journal of Hydrology 251(3–4): 163–176. doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00466-8
Schijven, J. F., and J. Šimůnek (2002). Kinetic modeling of virus transport at the field scale. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology 55(1–2): 113–135. doi:10.1016/S0169-7722(01)00188-7
van Genuchten, M. Th. (1980). A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 44(5): 892–898. doi:10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400050002x
van Genuchten, M. Th. (1987). A Numerical Model for Water and Solute Movement in and below the Root Zone. Research Report No. 121, U.S. Salinity Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Riverside, CA.
Vogel, T., and M. Císlerová (1988). On the reliability of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity calculated from the moisture retention curve. Transport in Porous Media 3: 1–15. doi:10.1007/BF00222683
Zhang, Y., and M. G. Schaap (2017). Weighted recalibration of the Rosetta pedotransfer model with improved estimates of hydraulic parameter distributions and summary statistics (Rosetta3). Journal of Hydrology 547: 39–53. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.01.004
Šimůnek, J., and J. W. Hopmans (2002). Parameter optimization and nonlinear fitting. In: J. H. Dane and G. C. Topp (eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 4, Physical Methods, SSSA Book Series No. 5, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, pp. 139–157.
Šimůnek, J., and J. W. Hopmans (2009). Modeling compensated root water and nutrient uptake. Ecological Modelling 220(4): 505–521. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.11.004
Šimůnek, J., and M. Th. van Genuchten (2008). Modeling nonequilibrium flow and transport processes using HYDRUS. Vadose Zone Journal 7(2): 782–797. doi:10.2136/vzj2007.0074
Šimůnek, J., M. Th. van Genuchten, and M. Šejna (2008). Development and applications of the HYDRUS and STANMOD software packages and related codes. Vadose Zone Journal 7(2): 587–600. doi:10.2136/vzj2007.0077
Šimůnek, J., M. Th. van Genuchten, and M. Šejna (2016). Recent developments and applications of the HYDRUS computer software packages. Vadose Zone Journal 15(7). doi:10.2136/vzj2016.04.0033
Šimůnek, J., M. Šejna, H. Saito, M. Sakai, and M. Th. van Genuchten (2009). The HYDRUS-1D Software Package for Simulating the One-Dimensional Movement of Water, Heat, and Multiple Solutes in Variably-Saturated Media, Version 4.08. HYDRUS Software Series 3, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA, 330 pp. https://www.pc-progress.com/en/Default.aspx?h1d-description
Šimůnek, J., M. Šejna, H. Saito, M. Sakai, and M. Th. van Genuchten (2013). The HYDRUS-1D Software Package for Simulating the One-Dimensional Movement of Water, Heat, and Multiple Solutes in Variably-Saturated Media, Version 4.17. HYDRUS Software Series 3, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA, 307 pp. https://www.pc-progress.com/en/Default.aspx?hydrus-1d
Šimůnek, J., N. J. Jarvis, M. Th. van Genuchten, and A. Gärdenäs (2003). Review and comparison of models for describing non-equilibrium and preferential flow and transport in the vadose zone. Journal of Hydrology 272(1–4): 14–35. doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00252-4

All sources: References.